1) “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne : British general and playwright. In the American Revolution he captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the Battle of Saratoga. The Heiress was his most popular play.

2) Charles Cornwallis : British military and political leader who commanded forces in North

Carolina during the American Revolution. His surrender at Yorktown in 1781 marked the final British defeat.

3) Bernardo de Galvez : Spain governor of Louisiana and joined the France.

4) Marquis de Lafayette : French soldier and politician who served on George Washington’s staff in the American Revolution.

5) George Rogers Clark : American military leader and frontiersman who led numerous raids on British troops and Native Americans in the Northwest Territory during the Revolutionary War.

6) Francis Marion : American Revolutionary soldier known for his guerrilla tactics against the British in South Carolina.

- Key Terms

1) Common Sense : Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that stirred up public support for the American Revolution and called for the end of British rule in the colonies.

2) Declaration of Independence : Statement of the Second Continental Congress that officially declared the new United States of America to be independent of Great Britain.

3) Loyalists : Tories; colonists who sided with Britain in the American Revolution.

- Key People

1) Patrick Henry : American Revolutionary leader and orator. A member of the House of Burgesses and the Continental Congress, he spurred the creation of the Virginia militia with his words ¡°Give me liberty, or give me death¡±. He also served as governor of Virginia.

2) Thomas Paine : British-born American writer and Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man, a defense of the French Revolution.

3) Richard Henry Lee : American Revolutionary leader who proposed the resolution calling for the independence of the American colonies from England.

4) Thomas Jefferson : The third President of the United States. A member of the second Continental Congress, he drafted the Declaration of Independence.

5) Abigail Adams : First Lady of the United States as the wife of President John Adams. Her letters to her husband provide a vivid picture of life in colonial Massachusetts.

6) Thayendanegea : Mohawk leader who supported the British in the French and Indian War and the American Revolution.

Section 4. An American Victory

- Key Terms

1) Battle of Trenton : Revolutionary War Battle in New Jersey in which Patriot forces captured more than 900 Hessian troops fighting for Britain.

2) Battle of Saratoga : Turning point of the Revolutionary War; Patriot victory led to more support from European powers.

3) guerrilla warfare : Type of fighting in which soldiers use swift hit-and-run attacks to wear down the enemy.

4) Battle of Yorktown : Last major battle of the Revolutionary War; site of British general Charles Cornwallis’s surrender to the Patriots in Virginia.

5) Treaty of Paris : Peace agreement that officially ended the Revolutionary War and established Britain’s formal recognition of the United States.